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An example of the present invention provides a thermoplastic starch composition comprising starch, a plasticizer, a compatibilizer, a biodegradable polymer, and a reaction initiator. The thermoplastic starch composition according to the present invention exists in a state in which starch and a biodegradable polymer are chemically bonded by a graft reaction mediated by a compatibilizer. A biodegradable film can be produced when the biodegradable composition in which the thermoplastic starch composition and the biodegradable polymer are uniformly mixed is extruded, and the produced biodegradable film has excellent mechanical strength and low hygroscopicity. Accordingly, the biodegradable film produced by using the thermoplastic starch composition according to the present invention as a basic raw material may be used in various fields such as disposable bags, disposable packaging materials, mulching films, etc.